I use this method on my site, so that certain information can be categorized by certain pages, such as books.php, then i just use the books.php page to call up certain books. This way, my links look similar to this...
books.php?book=bookone
Now, what you need to do in order to make your URL like this is create each individual file that you will be calling. I find it easiest to do each file using an HTML page with the layout being done in HTML itself, because it's so much easier than constantly writing out print ""; statements, and then everything requiring PHP or MySQL can be done in the PHP file itself. So, let's create examples!
First, you should probably create a header and footer file, as most sites do, and save them to be called up in the PHP file at the beginning and end, this way you dont have to put the same information into every single file you create, which can be extremely time-consuming in the long run. So, do that first! I save mine as .php files to sort them from the rest.
You said you wanted everything to run off of one page, which will probably be index.php, so we'll work with that. Let's say your first page (aside from the index itself, we'll work on that later) is for an 'about us' page. Start a new PHP document with whatever editor file you use (DreamWeaver, Cute FTP) and make it index.php, but leave it blank for now. Then, start a new HTML document that will be used as your 'about us' page. Put in all of the information you want on the 'about us' page using HTML. Save the document as whatever you want to call it (I usually save my documents as *.tpl, and I name it something like aboutus_body, but you can save it as .htm or .html, whatever fits your needs best!), and place it into a convenient folder on your site, such as /site_pages (Reason being because then all of these included files are out of the way when you upload other things onto your server, and makes it very organized!). Now, go back to your index.php page, and this is where we begin the conditional statement code. Let's say you want your link to look something like index.php?page=aboutus. The 'switch' that will be used in the PHP code is going to be named 'page', but if you want it to be something else that fits your site better, you can call it whatever you want. You're going to need to enter the following information...
OK! We're not finished yet. That's only for one conditional, but you stated you want many. I'm hoping by now you've got the idea, though. All you need to do is copy that same case 'filename': information for each one, and you've got that part! Now, you need to create your main index page, and we're going to place that into the else statement that comes at the end of the file. Call your index page whatever you want, just as the other files, but for here I'll call it index_body.tpl. So, the end of the code will look like this...
So, that's the finished code. I'll do it all together below (without my helpful suggestions!) with a second conditional statement to show you how it works all together.
That's it! If you need anymore help with this, because I may have placed too much information in one deal, then either send me a PM, or you can email me at thepatronushp at thepatronus.com. If you're interested, I'll even setup the index.php file for you, and you just let me know what you want all of the files to be called. I'll do it for free because it's really, really simple and won't take that much time, otherwise, if you want the practice, you can go at it and just let me know what's going on if there are any other problems.
And if you're looking for links that look like this...
/index.php?page=aboutus&info=sixflagsga
...then you need to use more conditional statements INSIDE of the conditional statements, which I can help with if you're interested as well, but is also really, really simple. So, get back to me!