is the same as:
or
Breaking it up. This part: $a=="" means If variable 'a'
is equal to
nothing (NULL), then...
and the ! means the opposite: If varaible 'a'
does not equal nothing.
The last example I provided just means, (which is just another way to think of it): If variable 'a' is not set (if it is not assigned to anything...if it is equal to nothing, NULL)...